Questions 86to 90are based on the following passage：Journey to better fitness starts with 10， 000steps Mark Fenton，editor at large of Walking Magazine，tries to walk at least 10，000

steps during the course of his day，often with his two young children． Jeffrey Koplan，director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，takes

about 12000to 13000steps on the days he walks for exercise．On other days，he

takes 6000to 7000steps，plus two hours of structured exercise—swimming，rowing

or bicycling． Abby King，an exercise researcher at the Stanford School of Medicine in northern

Cali- fornia，usually gets in 10000steps，but she has to work at it by holding

walking meetings with colleagues and scheduling other forms of activity． These experts are tracking the number of steps they take in a day partly out of

curiosity， partly for scientific reasons． Exercise scientists across the country，including researchers at Stanford and

the Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas，are having exercise study

participants wear sophis- ticated pedometers on their waistbands to count the number

of steps and miles they walk．The pedometers also are used in research in Japan． The researchers'goal is to get more people to walk at least 10,000 steps a day，

which is equivalent to about 5 miles． A mile walking can be anywhere from about 1,800 to 2,200steps，depending on stride

length and pace，both of which vary widely． King says there's nothing magical about the 10,000-step goal．Researchers are

investigating the number of steps people should take for fitness． But scientists believe that people who walk that much are probably meeting the

minimum public health guideline of accumulating 30 minutes of moderate activity most

days of the week，says Michelle Edwards，a health educator at the Cooper Institute． Only about 22％of people are active enough to get the general health benefits，

including a decreased risk of heart disease，diabetes and some types of cancer． Walking is the most popular form of physical activity，experts say．As many as

80million people are recreational or casual walkers，including those who stroll

occasionally．Of those about 15million are serious fitness walkers，who walk for

fitness at least two days a week，Fenton says． Experts would like to see people become more active，but they are struggling

for ways to motivate them．A new hook Most people have heard the walking message，says cardiologist James Rippe，

considered the father of the walking movement． “If you say to someone，‘Walking is good for you．Go out and walk 2to 4miles

a day’， they'd say ，‘Duh ．’Everyone knows that．Everyone who doesn't exercise

knows they should．And everyone who smokes knows they shouldn't，”Rippe says． But people need motivation，and what these pedometers do is give walking some

“pizazz”， says Rippe，author of the 1989book Complete Book of Fitness Walking． King says that counting steps seems to be one concrete way to implement the

government recommendation of accumulating 30 minutes of moderate activity most days

of the week，which gives people some of the benefits of physical activity． Too many people misinterpreted the government guideline to mean they could shuffle

around the house doing light domestic activities or light gardening，King says．

“That's not going to be enough．” Practically speaking，moderate-intensity exercise means that your heart rate and

breathing will be faster than during lighter activities， King says． One simple rule of thumb for walking briskly，Rippe says，is to follow Harry

Truman's brisk walking style，which he described as“walking as though I have

someplace to go．” But plenty of people move through the day without doing that．Many people who

work in offices walk 3,000to 5,000steps a day，says Fenton，a former member of the

U．S．national racewalking team． At the end of the day，this group would have to walk another 5,000to 7,000

steps，or roughly 2 to 3miles，to reach the 10,000step goal．In other words，in

addition to their daily activity， most people need to get out and do at least a

30-minute brisk walk．Pedometers To count steps，a number of pedometers are on the market，some more

sophisticated than others． Edwards says the Cooper Institute has used Digi-Walkers in two studies and is

using them in a third study．Exercisers are motivated by them， she says． “We've had participants who've lost their Digi-Walker，and they're frantic

because they want another，”she says． Fenton says that when he started wearing a pedometer and didn't accumulate

10,000 steps by the end of the day，he was ticked off at himself and went out

and walked until he had． He says that wearing it motivates him to take the stairs instead of the

elevator，do errands on foot and walk to a farther subway stop．Setting goals But how hard is it to walk 10,000 stepsa day，and is it really enough？ For some people，it's challenging，King says．Sedentary people in studies walk

3,000to 4，000steps in a day，she says． Scientists initially work them up to 5,000 and 6,000 steps．“If they jump directly to 10,000stepsa day，they are going to have injuries，

strains and muscle soreness from overuse，”King says． The 10，000-step goal is probably enough to get many of the health benefits

of walking，Fen-ton says．Those who want to lose weight，get greater health gains

or become more cardiovas- cularly fit probably need to walk more at a higher intensity． In a Japanese research project in which subjects were trying to lose weight，

they were encouraged to increase their steps to 12,000to 15,000a day，Fenton says．

He offers these guidelines for walkers：●An out-of-shape person who is just getting into a walking program should build

up to walking 30minutes a day at 3to 4mph．That total would provide the health

benefit of physical activity．●A person who wants to lose weight should walk at 3．5to 4．5mph，Fenton says．

“The faster you walk，the more calories you burn per minute．Walk every day for a

minimum of 30 minutes．Walk at least 45to 60minutes three or four days a week．”●Those who want cardiovascular fitness should aim for 4to 5mph or faster if their

fitness improves enough．Their goal should be two or three heavy-breathing，sweat-

producing， 20-to-40-minute walks a week．The benefit of cardiovascular fitness is a greatly reduced risk of chronic disease

and early death，as well as the increased ability to chase the dog around the yard or

play some backyard volleyball and not be wiped out，Fenton says．Questions：86．Why are people counting the number of steps they take in a day？87．What would fitness experts like to see people do？88．What do most people need to do in addition to their daily routine

to keep fit？89．What is the important health reason that scientists want people to walk

10，000steps？90．What important guidelines does Mark Fenton offer people who a．are out of shape？___________ b．want to lose weight？___________ c．want cardiovascular fitness？___________Part V Word Guessing and IQ Test（5 minutes，10points）Section A Word Guessing（5points）91．In the Nineteenth Century the author Mary Ann Evans used thepseudonymGeorge

Eliot for her novels because she believed that the public was prejudiced against

woman writers． A．hard work B．false name C．political influence D．great power92．When the terrible tragedy happened，the widowsecludedherself for many

months so she would not have to meet people． A．disappeared B．covered C．shut apart D．contracted93．Some of the relativescontestedthe old man's will because he had not left

them any of his money when he died ；they felt that they deserved a fair share

of his fortune． A．competed B．abolished C．effected D．disputed94．It was difficult for him at first because he had tostart from scratch，

finding somewhere to live and making new friends．He's settled in now though

and he loves it． A．face great difficulty B．begin a different life C．start from the beginning D．go to a new place95．Sometimes an anthill may be viewed as amicrocosmof the larger world because

every ant must cooperate and do its own job if the anthill is to prosper and survive． A．miniature representation B．small universe C．abstract model D．specific explanationSection B IQ Test（5points）96．What word can be placed in front of the other five to form five new words？

Each dot represents a letter．

A．FRONT． B．GREEN． C．SHORT． D．BLACK．97．I went into a shop to buy a picture，the salesman told me：What was the price

of the picture？

A．￡4． B．￡5． C．￡6． D．￡7．98．Can you replace the question mark with a number？

A．7． B．8． C．9． D．15．99．Clock A was correct at midnight，but lost exactly 1minute an hour from then

on．It stopped 1hour ago（B），having run for less than 24hours．What is the time

now？

A．5：55am． B．6：16am． C．6：11pm． D．6：00am．100．All four of these ships made the news．Can you say which is the

odd one out？

A.MARY ROSE.	B.LUSITANIA.	C.GENERAL BELGRANO.	D.TEAM PHILIPS

Part VI Translation（10minutes，10points）Directions：Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese

on the Answer Sheet．（101）Cloning is“making a copy of a plant or animal by taking a cell from it and

developing it artificially”．There is nothing new about this — plants were cloned

in Ancient Greece over 2,000years ago，and the first cloned frog appeared in 1968．

But interest in cloning grew in 1997when Dr Ian Wilmut and his colleagues from

Edinburgh University announced the birth of the world's first cloned sheep，Dolly

（some people pointed out that since all sheep look identical anyway，how could

anyone tell？）．（102）However，many people were worried：what if the same techniques

were used for some rich，elderly person to reinvent himself；or if an evil dictator

produced hundreds of copies of himself in order to take over the world；or grieving

relatives used cloning to bring their loved ones back to life？（103）The truth is that there is no chance that any copy of a human being

would be identical either physically or mentally，any more than children are

identical to their parents．The possible benefits of cloning，however，are numberous，

for artificially producing human tissues and organs for transplant，and for preserving

endangered animal species to name but two．Biologists have already genetically

engineered headless frogs so it may in future be possible to clone headless humans

whose organs could be used for transplants．But would we want to？In one famous case，a British girl born with a rare bone condition that left her

with only one ear，had a new one grown for her at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear

Infirmary in the USA．（104）By taking cells from her existing ear and transplanting

them onto the back of a mouse， scientists grew her another one ，which could then

be transplanted back．American scientists have also used sheep blood cells to make

a universal blood which could be given to any patient，regardless of their blood

group while British scientists are close to manufacturing artificial blood，with the

aid of milk from genetically-altered cows and sheep．（105）Scientists have also

transplanted monkeys'heads onto new bodies，paving the way for head transplants

to be performed on humans．The monkeys were able to eat，drink and sleep normally．

Robert White， head of neurosurgery at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio

said the operation could beavailable to humans within thirty years，but the

experiment has been condemned as an example of“the disastrous route Western

medicine is taking，in which prolonging individual life takes precedence over

everything”．Part VII Writing（30minutes，20points）Directions：The table below presents information about the Australian economy

in the late 1980s． Write a report describing the trends in profits shown in the

table．You should write at least 150 words．COMPANY PROFITSBEFORE TAX，BY INDUSTRY（＄million）